Briefing exam
Pembahagian markah exam ENT
Written exam : 80 marks
Slides/station/OSPE : 40 marks
Oral : 20 marks
Research/ assignment : 5 marks (dr kate kire mcm percuma la)
Bentuk final exam
6 short questions, 5 marks each = 30 marks
2 problem solving, 10 marks each = 20 marks
30 MCQ's, 1 mark each = 30 marks
Total for written exam = 80 marks.
Website ENT department : www.orl-cairo.com
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Important OSPE/slide.
*Mungkin lepas oral exam dlm hari yg sama.
*Note ni mungkin ade yg tak tepat sgt, memandangkan sy tak dapat bace slide kat depan tu. Just tulis ape yg sy dengar. So, kalau ade salah, sile betulkan ok.
Nose
- Purulent sinusitis
- Rigid endoscopic examination of nose
- Normal middle meatus
- Furunculosis of nasal >>> dangerous area : vestibule. (complication = cavernous sinus thrombosis)
- Deviated nasal septum (treatment) Symptomatic >>> septoplasty
- Septal haematoma.(complication = abscess and septal perforation) ttt = drainage
- Septal perforation. ttt = Graft/septal button
- Epistaxis >>> little area
- Inferior meatus
- Antrostomy of maxillary sinus (sinusitis)
- Orbital cellulitis. Complication = orbital abscess. ttt = systemic antibiotic and surgical (but in many cases, doesn't need surgical)
- Endoscopic enthmoidectomy
- orbital complication of maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis
- Foreign body in nose. In children = serious complication. ttt = removal in general anesthesia
- Oro-antral fistula
- cyst in maxillary sinus
- Fluid's level (kat x-ray rasenye)
- Unilateral nasal polyp. If firm = tumour.
- Cancer of maxilla. Characteristic >>> swelling, proptosis, teeth ache, pain in ptrego-maxillary area. ttt = surgical removal (maxillectomy)
Pharynx
- Adenoid hypertrophy
- cute tonsillitis
- Diphtheric and follicular tonsillitis
- Indication of tonsillectomy in diphtheric condition >>> not responsive to penicillin
- Pharyngeal and laryngeal diphtheria best treated >>> antibiotic and antiserum
- Infratonsillar cyst
- Chronic tonsillitis >>> NOT membranous (membrane present in acute only)
- Septic focus
- Oral monoliasis
- Indication of tonsillectomy (dr suruh chek buku sendiri) V.important.
- Quinsy. ttt = excision and drainage
- Parapharygeal abscess >>> occur after tonsillectomy and injury of pharygeal wall
- Bic's triad (chek balik name die) >>> lead to trismus
- parapharygeal swell
- Retropharygeal abscess >>> site
- cold abscess >>> pott's disease
- Dental infection >>> ludwig's angina
- Rhinolalia clausa
- Lingual thyroid. ttt = if it is the only one present, we need to remove it from mouth and plant it in sternomastoid muscle.
- Angiofibroma lead to epistaxis
- Nasopharygeal carcinoma >>> facial pain
- Trotter's triad (chek balik) >>> CHL, nasal regurge, nasal pain
- Pharygeal pouch
- achlalasia of esophagus (cardiac sphincter)
- Post-cricoid carcinoma. lead to severe dysphagia. ttt = total pharyngolaryngectomy.
Larynx
- Normal tube of larynx
- Vocal polyp
- singer's nodule
- bilateral abductor paralysis. its ttt.
- subglottic stenosis
- No microlarygeal surgery in congenital subglottic stenosis
- laryngeal web and its treatment (ttt)
- laryngomalacia
- Acute non-specific laryngitis more severe in children >>> dysphagia. Because = short and narrow
- leucoplakia. Causes = exessive smoking
- Cancer larynx, its stages and why. (ex; T1 = mobile cord)
- Thyroglossal cyst
- tracheostomy and its indication
- submandibullar tumour
- extensive parotid tomour
